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API rate limiting refers to a mechanism that restricts the number of requests a user can make to an API within a predefined time frame, such as per second, minute, or hour. This practice is essential for ensuring the stability and reliability of the API, allowing it to serve multiple users without becoming overwhelmed by too many requests at once.

By implementing rate limiting, API providers can protect their services from abuse, prevent excessive usage that could lead to degraded performance, and manage resources efficiently. It helps maintain fair access for all users and ensures that the API can handle the expected load while providing timely responses.

While other options mention various limitations, they do not capture the primary purpose and functionality of rate limiting as it specifically pertains to controlling request frequency from users.